BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

Basic Life Support (BLS) is the foundation for saving lives following a cardiopulmonary arrest by providing effective and high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). CPR can saves life by manually supplying oxygenated blood to the brain and other vital organ including cardiac itself.CPR can accomplish about 10-30% of the normal cardiac output. Therefore, by performing CPR , it can reduce tissue damage.

Fundamentals aspect of BLS can be summarises in the chain of survival.
> Early recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of yhe Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
> Early bystanders CPR with an emphasis on chest compression
> Early delivery of shock with a defibrillator
> Early effective Advanced Life Support
> Early integrated post resuscitation care

*early CPR can improve the likelihood survival following cardiopulmonary arrest. Chest compression are an especially critical components of CPR bcoz perfusion during CPR depends on these compression. The phase "push hard & push fast" emphasis some of these critical components of chest compression. High quality CPR is important throughout the course of resuscitation.

ACTIVATING EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM
When calling the EMS for help, it is important to make it is easy as possible for them to find u., as quickly as possible. In emergencies, timing is imperative.

Step in how to call for help....
> STAY CALM. Call 999 from either landline or mobile phone. In hospital area need to activate Code Blue as protocol.
> CONFIRM THE TYPE OF EMERGENCY. Describe the nature of ur emergency as fully as possible.
> KNOW UR LOCATION OF THE EMERGENCY AND THE NUMBER U ARE CALLING FROM. Give the operator your telephone number immediately. Thus, if u sre accidental disconnect, operator can call u back, or trace u. Once connected to the dispatched, be prepared to answer questions. Usual information required are including location of the incident,- describe the easiest landmark located close to the area, the event of the incident, the number and the condition of the victim (s), and types of aid provided.
> FOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONS. In some emergencies, the medical dispatcher will give instruction. The instructions can include on step of performing CPR while waiting for ambulance to arrive.
> DO NOT HANG UP THE CALL. The person making the phone call should hang up only when instructed to do so by the dispatcher.

*the emergency service undertake to render the best service possible, but reminder that they are forced tp priorities call when they are very busy. In other words, those in more immediate danger or need will receive more urgent attention.

ADULT BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
The step of BLS consists of series of sequential assessment and intervention, with intension to assist all types of rescuer to learn, remember and perform in logical and concise manner. The new simplified algorithm is illustrated as below


DANGER
Once an emergency has occurred, u need to ensure the safety of all those at scene by checking hazard. Chake for any risk to ; urself, bystanders and victims
In hospital setting, wearing Personal Protection Equipment (PPE).

RESPONSE
Check by tapping yje victims shoulder twice and asking loudly "hello, are u ok"
If the victims has responds
> leave them in the position in which you find them (providing safe from danger)
> check the victims conditions and send for HELP
> observe any reassess victim regularly
If the victims unresponsive;
> shout for HELP
> Check airway and commence CPR
*in a hospital setting, use phase "kecemasan kecemasan, tolong bawakan troli resusitasi &AED"

AIRWAY
Ensuring an open airways is essential. Airway must be kept clear and maintain patent at all times. Method use to open airways;
1)) head tilt, chin lift
2)) jaw thrust


BREATHING
Assess for any absence or abnormal breathing by looking for chest rise almost simultaneously while opening the airways.
*this should not be more than 10sec. If no breathing, start compression.
*in 1st few minutes of cardiac arrest, sounds of gurgling or coughing may be present. This type of breathing is ineffective, thus need to be treated as if they are not breathing.

CIRCULATION
Chest compression consist of forceful rhythm applications of pressure over the lower half of the sternum. These compression create blood flow by increasing intrathoracic pressure and directly comprising the heart. This delivery to the myocardium and brain.

Effective chest compression;
♥♥ Push hard - depth of compression
Adult: at least 2inch (5cm)
Infant: at least 1/3 diameter of chest
♥♥ Push fast - at least 100 compression/min
♥♥ Allow chest recoil
♥♥ Minimize interruption
♥♥ Ratio of compression: rescue breath 30:2

Rescue breath
Once chest compression have been started, a rescuer should deliver rescue breath by mouth-to-mouth or bag-mask to provide oxygenation and ventilation.
> ensure tight seal (close both nostrils)
> deliver each rescue breath over 1 sec
> give sufficient tidal volume to produce visible chest rise
> if no chest rise, re-open airway and until effective breath are given.
After 5 cycle of 30:2 (about 2min) - check for carotid pulse for no more 10 sec
> if no pulse, continue chest compression
> if pulse present, but NO breathing, give effective rescue breath (1 breath every 5-6sec) that makes the chest rise. Total of 20-24 breath be given in 2min and reassess oulse after 2min
> if breathing present and effective circulation, place the patient in the recovery position except for trauma victim.








BLS and Advance Life Support certificate. I'm done...anda bila lg....



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* sumber dan penghargaan kepada
Jawatankuasa BLS Hospital Ampang

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